Hinduism Essay

It is very clear that the Hinduism people group is certifiably not a unified conviction religion. This is on the grounds that; the strict network is involved various strict methodologies; all set apart with various perspectives on animist, vestige, and commitment to divine love just as marriage rehearses. Be that as it may, Hinduism has numerous shared characteristics making it the Hindu. Such incorporate and not restricted to having normal confidence in yogic practices (Knott, 1998). As per accessible data, yoga is characterized as a blend of both physical and mental practices focused on reflection or essentially soul looking. This includes various practices, for example, controlling of life powers, reflection from outer powers that influence our sense organ, carrying on with a peaceful life, taking part in amplified focus on a given goal, and dedicated contemplation on a given subject (Knott, 1998). Another basic practice that makes the Hinduism people group is the idea of Karma. In light of accessible writing, Karma basically implies the pattern of cause and impacts of things in our deeds. By this, Hinduisms draw in to guarantee that they demonstration with thought of ethical quality in their everyday exercises. Furthermore, they do conviction that people are allowed to decision great or underhandedness yet ought to be prepared to endure the related results. The third restricting faith in the Hinduism people group is the Hindus marriage idea. As indicated by the Hindu school, marriage is a holy observance as opposed to an agreement between couples. For all Hindus, marriage involves a real existence responsibility between a man and a lady whose point is to look God’s will, meet their physical wants, and extend their own belongings. Hinduism is transcendent in the south Asian nations especially in India. The motivation behind why the religion is social and cultural impact in its area of impact in India is that its source is in the Indus River. Hinduism has clearly impacted the lives of individuals in its starting point. This can be very obvious marriage, riches, and yoga rehearses in the locale. Valid from the letter, Indians are very innovative during the time spent obtaining riches. Because of this explanation, residents of this country have developed as among the best financial specialists on the planet. As an accentuation to this affirmation is the case by accessible reports that Indians command the IT ventures. This social worth is no uncertainty an outcome of the basic conviction by Hinduism that marriage involves scanning for formation of riches. On yoga rehearses, the Indian people group has been very urgent during the time spent impacting sole looking through practices over the globe. Just to be acknowledged is the way that reflection doesn't just impact our living conduct however over all fills a definitive need of molding our lives (Narayanan, 2010). This is on the grounds that; it incorporates physical and mental practices during the time spent looking for solace of life. In the cultural level, Hinduism has been energized social obligation among individuals from the Indian people group. Attributable to their solid trust in this religion, separation and aggressive behavior at home is very low in India contrasted with different networks on the planet (Narayanan, 2010). Furthermore, Indians like helping family members to advance their reasonable social and financial prosperity. This can be best clarified by the way that the religion expresses that individuals are allowed to decision great or insidiousness however ought to be prepared to endure the related results. It is important that doing positive attitude is one practice that one is guaranteed of not weighty repercussions. The way toward acknowledging freedom from natural presence by the Hindus depends on the idea of samsara. This strict network confidence in paradise and hellfire; with paradise being where incredible and honorable individuals follow performing beneficial things on earth. As indicated by the directs of samsara, pledge to great or malevolence while on earth figures out where we follow life. The idea has it that a person is constantly conceived and renewed on earth. Such can be in type of person, god or some other being. For Hinduism, carrying on with an existence of self image cognizance and want is instrumental in deciding your post-existence. Through the way toward looking for having a cognizant living, one accomplishes freedom. To accomplish this, this religion has faith in both yoga and karma. In yoga (ordinarily called soul looking through procedure), an individual has the chance to understand their actual self through a procedure of reflection. Then again, karma involves carrying out beneficial things as the main way one can accomplish freedom from natural life (Narayanan, 2010). As per the religion, taking part in karma yoga gives the individual an assurance to caring activities, a component that brings comprehension of the need of solidarity to all. Accordingly, the longing for freedom from natural presence by Hindus is enveloped in the yoga and karma arrangements.

There are no moral absolutes Essay Example

There are no ethical absolutes Paper Moral absolutism is the view that confidence guidelines are perpetual and all inclusive. On the contrary side of the range there is a relativist approach. Relativists accept that ethical cases are valid or bogus relying upon the ethical viewpoint. These contradicting perspectives can achieve extraordinary cultural and political discussions even in the cutting edge days. Ongoing models remember the endeavor to authorize willful extermination for the UK and the dissent to dispose of fetus removal laws in the Republic of Ireland. Both of these circumstances are attempting to sanction explicit types of homicide. An absolutist in this circumstance will contend that all executing isn't right hence current laws are correct, though a relativist would take a gander at explicit stances, for example, personal satisfaction for killing. In this paper I will endeavor to investigate the two sides of the contention arriving at my determination that relativism is an unrivaled stance and that there are no ethical absolutes. Some absolutist individuals can't help contradicting the above articulation about good absolutes. This is on the grounds that absolutism is a deontological contention which makes a decision about the ethical quality of an activity dependent on the activities apparatus to rules. For Christians these guidelines may connect back to the Ten Commandments. One of which is â€Å"thou shalt not murder†, this plainly and unquestionably is an unbreakable law according to an absolutist. Another contention for their being good outright is that of an analysis to relativist acts. By Relativist thinking it is very simple to arrive at the determination that subjugation was a consummately good activity. To an absolutist, subjection didn't become indecent when it was annulled, it was just consistently unethical and being forced by corrupt governments. We will compose a custom exposition test on There are no ethical absolutes explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on There are no ethical absolutes explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on There are no ethical absolutes explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Per Contra the relativist approach has been sponsored by numerous a logician including the popular Empiricist, John Locke. Locke accepted that absolutes were a plague from his strict viewpoint. He accepted this since Absolutism exposed individuals to comply with total standards set by others sooner or later. This conflicts with his conviction that all individuals were made equivalent by God. By authorizing Absolutism we raise our standard impressive pioneers to a God like Status of which no man ought to be. Besides this conflicts with the clench hand rule that men should serve God alone; on the off chance that we serve a ruler we can, at that point not love God. Another contention for Relativism is that absolutist good gauges, in certain conditions can lead onto outrageous shades of malice. The renowned model that delineates this is of a crazed hatchet killer going to your front entryway and asking you where your kids are. Presently a relativist could lie dependent on the conditions in this way sparing his kids while an absolutist must tell the killer where the youngsters are with full information that they will be slaughtered, hence permitting a significantly more prominent wickedness to be submitted, they could even be called an accomplice to the homicide of their own kids. Besides there can't be good absolutes as in the long run they will negate one another. For instance, Jewish specialists in the Holocaust performed premature births to keep ladies from being sent to the gas chambers. Two standards here are clashing. One of which is that Doctors ought not perform premature births and another that Doctors should attempt to spare lives. Whichever way from an absolutist stance the specialist will do an inappropriate thing, however a relativist approach permits us to ignore this. Then again, there may must be good absolutes, in such a case that everything is relativists at that point how would we choose what rules to submit to. On the off chance that two clans run into each other on a Sunday and one of which accepts that a penance ought to be made on Sunday while the other clan doesn't, on the off chance that the principal clan, at that point forfeits an individual from the other clan, it that at that point ethically right or wrong. A relativist would state that it is directly for the principal clan yet wrong for the second. Be that as it may, by what means would society be able to work dependent on directly for me, wrong for you framework without falling into moral clash and bedlam. Additionally, some relativist contentions when further investigated have absolutist roots, demonstrating there are good absolutes. For instance, the Eskimo practice of forgetting about female newborn children to pass on as so future male trackers could flourish had all the earmarks of being a noteworthy contradiction between their ethical frameworks and our own in this way appearing to prevent the all inclusive methodology from claiming Absolutism. Be that as it may, when burrowed further, given the hardships of the Eskimos to endure and restricted assets for endurance, keeping each kid puts the entire family in danger. So there is really a key virtue of protecting life that we share with the Eskimos. The main distinction being that they need to settle on decisions dependent on what they esteem most (future trackers), these decisions we don't need to confront. This said the Eskimo model is likewise a sponsor the relativist approach of circumstance morals. Joseph Fletcher, organizer of circumstance morals contended that in specific circumstances, absolutist standard must be put to the other side so as to make the best choice. He accepted that absolutism didn’t lead to the best of most adoring result, and the best activity might be to defy a guideline. Utilitarian additionally dismiss moral absolutes and spotlight more on results. They accept that the correct activity is the one that brings the most delight and the least agony. In some cases this may concede Killing so as to spare more lives. For Jeremy Bentham, there was no standard he would not break so as to realize more prominent joy. In short if there are no ethical absolutes we are left with a Relativist perspective. This is the conviction that ethical thinking involves taste and sentiment and is emotional and comparative with time and culture. Prompting ends, for example, the executing of Eskimo young ladies to be ethically right and the demonstration of premature birth by a World War 2 specialist likewise to be good. Though if there are good absolutes than a similar good guidelines are appropriate the whole way across the world and from the beginning of time. These standards might be some type of inborn information or originate from the godlikeness of God and don't change as sentiment does. Implying that if bondage returns into design and is settled upon to be acceptable, it doesn't make it resolve. Taking everything into account, I hold a relativist perspective in light of the fact that various societies need to adjust to live in their environmental factors. Extraordinary measures are regularly taken for endurance which to us in western culture would appear to be loathsome; anyway it is for more prominent's benefit of people in the future. I particularly accept that closures legitimize the methods in this manner making me a Consequentialist regardless of whether rules, for example, absolutist homicide must be broken. At long last spirit absolutes can likewise appear to be barbarous, for instance marking Euthanasia as murder makes individuals live their last days in incredible agony, while a relativist approach could give individuals an honorable end to their life, is that not good.

Tips To Get the Best Research Writing Help

Tips To Get the Best Research Writing HelpAll over the world, people are trying to find out the best help in search of good research writing help. So, if you want to make your research writing task a success, then you should consider some points about how to choose the best research writing help.Research writing is not only about finding out how to write an effective research paper. It is also the task of bringing in the facts and figures into a well written paper, which is for bettering the reputation of the company. You need to know about the proper research guidelines so that you can take the best step towards your research success.Research writing is the first step towards building a reputation for your company. If you want to attract more customers, then you need to keep an eye on the present market trends and the demands of the people, so that you can make the most out of the current situation. In order to study the market trends and demand, you need the guidance of the best bu siness professionals. However, you will be wasting your time and effort, if you will look for the help of the cheapest marketing service providers.Customer satisfaction is the major factor of any business, and this can only be ensured by the help of experts in the business. In order to achieve the same thing, you need to ask for some professional and best advices from some very experienced people. These devices can be the best thing that you can use for your success in your business.Most of the business men and women are looking for information and guidance to help them take the right direction in their work. They cannot always rely on themselves, which is why they try to find the most professional marketing service providers who can guide them to their business goals. For this, you need to look for the right kind of experts in the industry, who can offer you the right kind of assistance in terms of your business strategy.You need to make sure that you do the research paper, which w ill help you gain more customers. The process of writing a good research paper is not easy. You need to take all the necessary steps to avoid any mistake in your research paper. If you do not pay enough attention towards the guidance of the experts, then you will not be able to get the best out of your research papers.There are several websites that offer help in getting your services in front of the clients. However, it is very important for you to select the right one from the market, which will make sure that your business venture remains successful. You need to be very careful while choosing the right website to get the best out of your business.The research paper should be written with proper and adequate knowledge and understanding about the facts and figures. This will ensure that you will be able to get the best result, which is possible only through the use of expertise. In order to ensure the best help for your research papers, you need to know the right details about the right sources of your requirement.

Graffiti Vandalism or Art - 623 Words

In this discursive essay i will be showing the points for and against graffiti and whether it is considered vandalism or art. Some of the major points around this is does it matter where the graffiti is drawn or who by or is it as simple as its on a public building and no matter how artistic it looks its vandalism. Points for Graffiti being and art. There and many views on whether graffiti should be considers art. Graffiti can be acceptable in the modern day with over eighty percent of teenagers that think it is acceptable and it is used to express their feelings through art furthermore there are many people who believe that, An artist that has made use of a run-down building to create their art is in fact using his/her environment to its full potential. It is giving the building of neglect a new purpose said by Anon and â€Å"Graffiti that is art, like well-drawn pictures that enhance a buildings plain wall is acceptable. If it is used to disguise an ugly piece of architecture or an eyesore is certainly going to enhance the area† by Mikki T. These views come from grown men and women and not your typical teenagers the vandalize public property and it shows how widely Graffiti affects people and how it can actually be good as long as its used correctly. Most people when the walk past graffiti think its ugly and is and illegal eyesore , they assume that its just gang tags, were as graffiti is used all around us being used to express someones passion and to make a statement.Show MoreRelatedIs Graffiti Art Or Vandalism? Essay1832 Words   |  8 PagesStorm Shepherd Professor Beerline Com 1110 Date Is Graffiti Art or Vandalism? Graffiti has put a major impact on the way people look at their everyday life. It was not used so much here in the United States but was used overseas. Overseas, graffiti, or street art, was used or played as a sport, just like baseball is Americas sport. There are different laws that are put over there than what there are here. They can get away with some of the things that they paint or make over there. If we tried someRead MoreGraffiti Is Art Not Vandalism996 Words   |  4 Pages Graffiti Is Art Not Vandalism Graffiti can be found everywhere and anywhere. It is a way for people to express themselves and be creative in a public manner. It shows how passionate and talented they can be when it comes to drawing or tagging and have it displayed as a piece of art for everyone to see. Graffiti goes way back to the ancient times and is now very well known in the modern days which makes more and more people interested and fascinated by them. It can be used in different typesRead MoreGraffiti Is Vandalism Or Art?1035 Words   |  5 Pagesinternet and in a dictionary for the definition of art but in all reality, art is defined as something you see as art. To me, anything can be art. From building a sculpture or building, to even being an athlete. Being an athlete can be art because the person performs in his own way that is created by them. They have to create a form and a style to compete at the best of their abilities. There are many different types of art but when someone hears art, the first t hing that comes to mind is a paintingRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism?2306 Words   |  10 PagesWhat do people think of when they see graffiti? Is it art, vandalism, or could it be both. Graffiti is a relatively new and developing art form that presents a lot of controversy due to its involvement of illegality. A lot of people see graffiti and instantly label it as vandalism and not an art form; however, by legal definition that’s not always the case. According to Oxford Dictionaries, art is defined as â€Å"The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination†¦producing works toRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism Essay1911 Words   |  8 PagesGraffiti: Art or Vandalism? Sam Cowey Graffiti has been around for more than half a decade and practiced worldwide. However there is debate between whether it is a form of art or vandalism. Graffiti artists’ debate that many do not understand the reason most graffiti artist take the risk of incarceration, fines, injuries, and in some cases death to paint a wall. A graffiti artist can have the simple desire to become recognized, or to create a piece that speaks to their audience as a form ofRead MoreEssay Graffiti: Art or Vandalism?1139 Words   |  5 PagesArt: the ultimate form of self expression. But, what constitutes an art? And, who decides? These very questions plague society as it tries to decide and define the official status of graffiti--art or vandalism? Because it has found its way into art galleries and because of the community of artists who challenge and inspire each other, graffiti should be considered art and as a way to express oneself. The origin and history of graffiti is not what one might expect. Believed to have been created byRead MoreArt or Vandalism? : The acceptance of graffiti as an art form2514 Words   |  11 Pagesbelieve that Graffiti is most certainly a valid art form. The question as to whether any forms of graffiti can be considered art is a controversial area. Is it vandalism when it is placed on the side of a building or a car and art when it is on a canvas on someones wall or in a gallery- what is the difference? Graffiti, in its more complex forms, can be considered art because it clearly contains artistic elements, it communicates the artists expression to the viewer, and the traditional art communityRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism Essay examples1453 Words   |  6 Pagesis recognized as art and vandalism. The individual is often faced with uncertainty when the topic of graffiti arises. The public often portray graffiti as a destructive act towards his or her surroundings however; graffi ti can also be considered a form of self-expression. Many questions can be made pertaining to the graffiti movement, but the main question is graffiti a crime or an art? The answers lie in the complex phrase of â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. Graffiti portrays contemporaryRead MoreGraffiti Vandalism Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesIs graffiti vandalism or art? Many people say that graffiti is art, while others disagree saying its vandalism. In my opinion, graffiti is art. This type of art can be understood in different ways and can be considered as vandalism. It really all depends on what the picture expresses to you and what you see. But everyone has their own opinions and everyone sees everything differently. While many of these artists who are extremely talented and spend most of their time on their pieces, our societyRead MoreGraffiti Is A Form Of Art1019 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 2016 Graffiti is Art Graffiti is a form of art well known in the street art. There are many forms of arts like drawing, painting, sculpture, or graffiti. Graffiti is an art used for the community to send messages as well as representing for community identity and pride through Graffiti artwork. In the book â€Å"Read Write Connect† by Kathleen Green Amy Lawler, chapter 22 Public Art talks about what graffiti art, vandalism art is, the differences between graffiti artwork and vandalism, and the

Socialization Through The Life Course - 961 Words

Socialization Through the Life Course As some people may know, socialization focuses on the childhood. However, it actually focuses on several different stages that we may encounter throughout life, commonly categorized as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. According to the book, the sociological significance of the life course is twofold. First, as you pass through a stage, it affects your behavior and orientations. You simply do not think about life in the same way when you are 30, are married, and have a baby and a mortgage, as you do when you are 18 or 20, single, and in college. Second, your life course differs by social location. Your social class, race—ethnicity, and gender. [85] Childhood, including infants, remains the most important stage for many people’s lives for socialization and for the cognitive, emotional, and physiological development. In regard to education, health, and other outcomes, many children do not fare well during childhood. What most people do not understand is anything that happens to a child during their childhood can ruin them for a lifetime. For example, Historian Philippe Aries drew a conclusion and said, Europeans did not regard childhood as a special time of life, instead they viewed children as little adults and put them to work at an early age. Little boys were forced to leave home for good to learn a certain job. Little girls stayed home until marriage, but assumed their share of household tasks. [85-86] DuringShow MoreRelatedThe Human Resource Development Policy Of Kenya1356 Words   |  6 Pagesworking environment. As part of this, ‘orientation’ is used for a specific course or training event that new starters attend, and ‘socialization’ can describe the way in which new employees build up working relationships and find roles for themselves within their new teams. Some people use the term ‘onboarding’ to cover the whole process from an individual’s contact with the organization before they formally join, through to understanding the business’ ways of working and getting up to speed in theirRead MoreIndividualism Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesIndividualism Individualism is a view that stresses the significance and worth of every individual. They include complex convictions, ethics, exercises, and courses of action around identity. The self is viewed as interdependent with groups; Individual goals take precedence over group goals and not the family, they tend to be raised in richer cultures and emphasize personal freedom, achievement, privacy, and autonomy. Their social practices have a tendency to be directed by their states of mindRead MoreAnswers on Questions Regarding the Relationship between Violence and Child Development1338 Words   |  5 Pagesslight connection, only a small number of children are affected. (Stacks, Oshio, Gerard Roe, 2009) 2) Socialization is the process through which individuals learn to be proficient, capable members of a group or society. This is done by molding their behavior and adapting it to ways of acting that is considered appropriate in the society in which the individual lives. In simple words socialization teaches a person how to act. This process begins at the time of birth and continues throughout an individualsRead MoreThe Components Of A Mature Understanding Of Death1252 Words   |  6 Pagesand personal mortality. Universality refers to the fact that all living things must eventually die since death is inevitable. Irreversibility remarks that death is irrevocable and final. Therefore, no organism that experiences death can come back to life. Nonfunctionality emphasizes the fact that death implies the cessation of physiological functions. Once a person dies, all the capabilities and functions the body has come to an ending. Causality highlights that there are biological reasons for dea thRead MoreAcademic Socialization : Differences And Challenges1227 Words   |  5 PagesAdult ELLs’ Academic Socialization: Differences and Challenges Students who come from different academic, social, and cultural backgrounds have received different orientations towards literacy skills or the educational experience in general, which eventually influence their academic performance either as analytical readers, writers, class discussion participants, presenters, or note-takers. The multilingual and multicultural population of learners such as the ELLs comes to the English academic institutionsRead MoreExplain the concept of socialization and how useful is it in understanding human behavior?1354 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the concept of socialization and how useful is it in understanding human behavior? Socialization is the process in which an individual learns the way of life of his/her society, learn the trick of the trade and develops the capacity and the potential to function both as an individual and as a member of the society by internalizing the culture in which the society is based on. Socialization is a life-long process occurring at all stages in life starting from the day the individual is bornRead More VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA Essay782 Words   |  4 Pagespresent the linkages between individual’s socialization and their actions. Violence in the media can be seen through a sociological perspective, which is the cultural transmission theory. It states that deviance is transmitted through socialization. Since the media is a major agent in socialization deviance could therefore be a result of the violence on today’s screen. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Media is extremely important as an agent in adolescent socialization because it is this stage that preparesRead MoreHeredity and Environment: Agents of Socialization Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment continues to prevail, while researchers discover both heredity and environment equally contribute to socialization. The process of socialization is better understood when examining how heredity and environment function alone. Socialization begins in the womb and ends in the grave. Individuals learn attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for a particular culture through human interaction. We learn from those people who matter most in our lives—family members, friends, and teachersRead MoreGender Roles In Modern Society728 Words   |  3 Pagespart of social practices of human interaction. It influences on all aspects of a persons life such as self-assertion and self-development, family, work, school, etc. Through the gender lens a person perceives any kind of information and passes it to the surrounding world by using a gender display. The process of gender socialization and the content of gender stereotypes has great importance not only for the life of an individual, but also for the progressive development of the society. Gender rolesRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Development Theory Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesof morals and values will be linked to socialization as well as being looked at through different developmental theories. Many pages in the Individuals and Families, Diverse Perspectives (Holloway, Holloway Witte, 2010) will be used to help relate the primary research to the secondary research of this project. The ways of socializing children will be mentioned as well as the concept of teaching morals and values to children and how it can be explained through different developmental theories. Teaching

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes - 855 Words

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is on the rise in the United States, with a new case diagnosed every 30 seconds (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, 2015). Diabetes is similarly on the rise in Africa, with an estimated 8 million cases to be diagnosed by 2025 (Mbanya,2006, p. 1628-1629). The standard of care for a diabetes patient is the same however, regardless of the continent. However due to the economic restraints of Africa, the standard of care is not feasible for most and the patient therefore suffers. This paper will demonstrate the similarities and differences between the United States and Africa in regards to type 2 diabetes. Similarly in both countries, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise. While a difference between the†¦show more content†¦In the United States insulin is readily available for a patient to use with a prescription from their physician. The Physician determines the best insulin therapy for the patient and the physician then monitors the pati ent’s blood sugar levels to see if the insulin therapy is working correctly (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Patients and physicians can use a glucometer to check the patient’s blood glucose levels. These machines are readily available to the public and there is also assistance from the government if a patient cannot afford the machine themselves (Food and Drug Administration, 2015). Monitoring blood glucose with a glucometer and controlling it with insulin are effective ways to control a patient’s blood glucose. However this basic medical fact is not readily available in Africa, due to its economic status. Africa’s economic status is the most influential reason as to why diabetes care is so much different than it is here in the United States. In Africa, the average yearly income per individual is about equal to $300 dollars here in the United States. The care of someone with diabetes can cost $150-$200 a year, with insulin making up $75-$100 dollars of this amount (Beren, 2006, p. 1689-1695). It is evident that the majority of individuals or families cannot afford the care that goes along with a diabetes diagnoses. Insulin, even if someone would be able to afford it, is usually not even available to those that need it. Out of the 25 countries in AfricaShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes1988 Words   |  8 PagesDiabetes type two is one of the fastest growing public health problems in the world. It is difficult to treat and expensive to manage. It has been estimated that the number of people with diabetes in the world will double from the current value of about 190 million to 325 million during the next 25 years (WHO, 2016). Individuals with type-2 diabetes are at a high risk of developing a wide range of complications such as cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, nephropathy, changes to theRead MoreAnalytical Essay : Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus2084 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was a disease that was thought to have a rare occurrence in children and adolescents a couple decades ago. Nevertheless, researchers have begun to observe the rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus in both adults and children (1). Even though type 1 diabetes mellitus is still the main form of the disease in young people, it is most likely that type 2 diabetes mellitus will prevail in young patients in the near future. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has already beenRead MorePotential Therapeutics For Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1192 Words   |  5 PagesBromophenols have been identified as potential therapeutics for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their suspected tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. A new series of bromophenol analogues will be synthesised and their PTP1B inhibitory activity will be tested in in vitro enzymatic assays to elucidate their mechanism of action as PTP1B inhibitors. Background and Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is caused by insulin resistance ofRead MoreEffects Of Diabetes Education Programs On Reducing The A1c Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1025 Words   |  5 PagesResults yelled peer- reviewed articles that pertain to research surrounding diabetes education programs in reducing the A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Each article was evaluated based on its applicability to the research question on this paper. The pattern used in selecting the articles included for evaluation can be found in the Appendix 1. The research strategies included key terms like diabetes, type 2, education, age, program, research, adult, and A1C. The search began withRead MoreFactors Affecting Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1005 Words   |  5 PagesFactors Affecting Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rwanda Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough Insulin (impaired insulin secretion) or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (insulin resistance) resulting in increased blood glucose (â€Å"Endocrine System.† Internal Medicine Clinical Treatment Guidelines. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, 2012 ). SymptomsRead MoreThe Effectiveness And Side Effect Possibilities Of The Combined Treatment For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesAssessment of the effectiveness and side-effect possibilities of the combined treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease which is mainly caused by the abnormalities of insulin regulation to control glucose level in the blood, thus resulting hyperglycemia [1, 2]. There are currently two major distinct types of DM, namely type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Type-1 diabetes corresponds with the inability of pancreatic hormonal glands to produce sufficient insulinRead MoreDiabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while900 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. S igns and symptoms of thisRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And Type 2 Diabetes Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus, known as â€Å"diabetes† is a grouping of metabolic diseases that present, over a long period of time, levels of high blood sugar. There are two main forms of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In addition to these two, there is also what is called Gestational Diabetes. In all cases, insulin is somehow not doing its job: Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is needed to allow glucose to enter the cells and produce energy. IfRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes1628 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes mellitus type 2, also know as type 2 Diabetes or noninsulin dependent diabetes, is a disease that effects the body systemically. Type 2 diabetes is a disorder in which cells become resistant to insulin and can no longer bind it properly to reduce blood sugar. The result of this is elevated glucose levels in the circulating blood that leads to endothelial injury in all regions of the body. Primary damages occur in the kidneys, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. According to â€Å"Annual NumberRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Or Type 2 Diabetes1398 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreas

Beyond a Predicament free essay sample

â€Å"Hello, Mr. Brian! This is a new student, and today is her first day of school in America.† My counselor introduced me to my bus driver. Even a day before, my heart didn’t beat this fast, and my hands weren’t slippery because of sweat, but once I was surrounded by people with blue eyes, my lips felt dry, and my heartbeat became so loud that it rang my ears. I couldn’t say a word. â€Å"Hello,† which I practiced whole last night. All I wanted to do was to pass through the walls invisibly like Harry Potter and stay hidden. After 10 minutes, my bus driver told me to get off. With hesitation, I started walking, but I couldn’t find the road that my counselor had drawn for me; all the houses were brown and made of bricks. To get closer to my dream of working in the UN, I decided to come to America because this place considers me more than a test score and gives me an opportunity that Korean schools don’t provide – to study humani ties and international affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond a Predicament or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, on the first day of school, I got LOST. After a few hours of roaming with my heavy algebra and social study books, I saw a woman around my mother’s age. The image of my mother’s vibrant, thick black curly hair, two deep dimples, and wisdom in every wrinkle filled my thoughts. I tried to look at the sky, so the tears couldn’t fall from my blurry eyes, but when I breathed out, burning tears streamed down my cheeks. My hair was tangled, and I had a cold sore on my lips. With a hoarse voice, I called the woman, but she didn’t hear me and soon went back to her house. The frostbite on my hands started itching badly, and the sun went down quickly. At times, the memory of my parents’ swollen eyes accompanied with pouring tears came to me. As I walked, I clapped until my hands felt nothing, so I could scare away the aggressive animals. After a few more minutes of plodding my way, I finally found my boarding house number. It had been five hours sinc e I got lost. I opened the door with my bloody, scratched, and tingling hands and was greeted by a worried policeman. I was so frozen that I couldn’t say anything. My guardians quickly gave me some hot tea and told me not to go to school the next day because my face was flushed with fever while my feet was swollen with blisters and blood crusts. However, next day, I went to school because I wanted to remind myself that I was no longer a small, vulnerable girl. I felt invincible and became a different person; no matter whether people understood me or not, I began to speak out. I enthusiastically joined class discussions and no longer avoided the teacher’s glance for questioning. My nervous sweat and a throbbing heart soon became a sweat for my academic passion and energy for my dream, and I believe this experience has actually helped me find my self-reliance, tenacity, and bravery.

A History of Everything Including You Essay

A History of Everything Including You Essay A History of Everything Including You Essay Life is a Highway The title of the short story, â€Å"A History of Everything, Including You†, says it all; it describes a history of everything. The title has a very significant meaning behind it, which answers the narrator’s question of life and links her ideas to her own situations. From the beginning of how the earth was created until the narrator’s moments of her life, this story examines the whole world around us. This story definitely can relate to a lot of people because it discusses real life situations. However, some readers may be at different stages in their life, so they might have not experienced some of the situations the narrator went through, but eventually one might experience it. These three short pages fascinated me because life can be explained in such little words, yet it’s so complex. The history of everything in life all connects to the relationship between the narrator and her husband, which is both realistic and puts the story as a whole in a good perspective. â€Å"FIRST, THERE WAS God there was god or gods or nothing, then synthesis, space, the expanse, explosions, implosions, particles, objects, combustion, and fusion† (Page 25). This sentence is quite creative because the author describes all the discoveries before people started to evolve then it starts to lead into the marriage of the narrator. Jenny Hollowell describes the change as the narrator talks about all the years passing by and all the events she goes through. From the beginning until the end, the style of writing just impressed me because who knew life can be explained in just a few pages. Each sentence has a specific style that makes it both unique and necessary in describing this big image of life. The sentences are put in a way that the tone of each sentence makes the story so remarkable. The short simple sentences bring out more emotion to the reader about the events leading up to the narrator’s relationship. The tone definitely has a sad voice to it, but the author does a great job showing how life is also full of happiness and surprises. Jenny Hollowell, the author put the sentences in such a good format that makes the words sound so powerful, because if she didn’t otherwise the whole story would just sound like a list of things about life. â€Å"You were born. I met you through friends, and didn’t like you at first. We fought and made up and got good jobs and got married and bought an apartment and worked out and ate more and talked less† (Page 26). These sentences can be interpreted as this person who is unsatisfied with her decision to get married. I think in the beginning the narrator makes us believe she wasn’t ready to have a child, but in the end having a child wasn’t that big of a deal. The author makes the readers feel as though the narrator was feeling this pain she wasn’t planning on feeling. The tone in the beginning changes at the end because it starts off saying, â€Å"Life evolved or was created† (Page 25). You can picture the creation of life, species started to evolve and humans began naming themselves. â€Å"We are man and woman, and when we got lonely we figured out a way to make more of us† (Page 25). This sentence just describes how men and women started becoming intimate. The life of a baby is so innocent; they are born carefree and are oblivious to life. â€Å"The world seemed uncertain† (Page 27). The narrator definitely enjoyed life as a child because as she started to grow up, things changed and so did her life. Later on, it is quite apparent that the narrator and her husband were going through some problems after they had fallen in love and had a child. â€Å"The feeling was mutual, but we got use to each other† (Page 26). The author describes their relationship whether they are fighting or struggling in a negative tone, but in the end they overcome their issues. â€Å"I got depressed and you ignored me. I was sick of you† (Page 27). In life, couples may have some ups and downs, but they seem to find a way to overcome their

A Few Words With Gordon Parks essays

A Few Words With Gordon Parks essays Q: What inspired you to compose music? @ Well, it is quite strange really; youre going to think Im crazy. One summer when I was about seven, I was hunting June bugs in our cornfield when I heard something in the cornstalks. The noise got louder and turned into music, and all I could do was just stand there, with my mouth full of mulberries (which I now think are poisonous), confused, looking up at the slow-drifting clouds to see if they were where the music was coming from. The strings, horns and drums were as real to me as the sunlight, and I had a feeling that this music was stuck inside my head, that is it would have been there even if I had no ears- sort of like Beethoven. So, I covered my ears with my hands, and the sounds were still there and they continued until all the clouds moved away and there was nothing above me but the blue sky. Then the music was gone just the same as it had came, and I ran toward the house a little scared but jubilant at the same time. But since no one was around I just went ahead and sco oted up on the piano stool and started banging on our Kimball upright-trying to imitate the sounds I had heard. You see, my father was out in the field working and he dropped his hoe and ran to the house hearing all the noise. He opened the door and watched me with amazement because I was sitting there at the piano, screaming as loud as I could! I think that this introduction to the fact that the joyous sounds of nature could be expressed through music influenced my life in a great way, no matter if it was because of some berries I had been eating, or as the will of God. Either way Im grateful for the way that it has changed my life. Q: Did you ever write any music, and if so, did it ever get it published? @ No, I never really wrote music because I didnt know how. I started playing piano the same day that I heard the music out in the field, and started t ...

An Analysis of the Juvenile Justice System Research Paper

An Analysis of the Juvenile Justice System - Research Paper Example Because many commonalities are shared by the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems, it is often easy to confuse the overall goals and mechanisms which drive them. The most notable contrast between the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system is the fact that the juvenile justice system has it its core the goal and desire to rehabilitate the offender rather than merely punish him/her for the crime. Because of the varying degrees of compatibility and comparison between the two systems, this analysis will examine Supreme Court rulings in order to show a pattern of differentiation and evolution of juvenile justice over time. 1 In re Winship 397 U.S. 358, 90 S.Ct. 1068 (1970) The first case in question is case 397 U.S. 358 (In re Winship). The case revolved around a 12 year old who was charged with stealing money from a woman’s purse inside a store. Although the defendant was seen running from the scene, the Supreme Court determined that the preponderance of evidence alone was not sufficient to convict the juvenile of the crime; instead, the court ruling upheld that juvenile justice cases must be held to the same rigor that traditional criminal justice cases are in that it must be proved beyond â€Å"reasonable doubt† that the accused was guilty. ... need not operate under the same standards of law that applied to adult courts because the juvenile justice system was intended to save rather than to punish. Rather, the Supreme Court sided with the defense and ruled that proof beyond reasonable doubt as well as the existence of a preponderance of evidence was necessary to adjudicate cases within the juvenile justice system. To an extent, this case further restricted the existing juvenile justice system. Prior to this precedent, the juvenile justice system was not beholden to many of the guiding standards that affected traditional criminal cases. As a result, the juvenile justice system encouraged an judicial atmosphere of â€Å"make it up as you go along†. Unfortunately, this type of attitude did not lend itself to the appropriate dispensation of justice. Judges were taking liberties with the notion that they were responsible for saving the accused youth; thereby encouraging the judges to err on the side of caution when handi ng down sentences in the hopes that they might reform an errant youth. Although the Supreme Court upheld the right of the juvenile justice courts to correct the youth as well as punish them, the constraints of how the judges were to go about â€Å"correcting† the youth was significantly altered. 2 McKeiver v. Pennsylvania 403 U.S. 528, 91 S.Ct. 1976 (1971) In much the same vein, 403 U.S. 528 worked to create further delineations of due process within the juvenile justice system. The case regarded a 16 year old boy who was charged with robbery, larceny, and the receipt of stolen property. The case hinged upon the fact that the youth was only provided with a few moments to meet with his attorney prior to going before the judge. Because of the overall lack of legal defense preparedness, the

Module 2 Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 2 Case - Essay Example Several techniques of collecting data on the system requirements have been identified and applied. Among those techniques, the interview method has proven most effective. The advantage of the interview method over the other methods is that, it offers the system analyst a hence to get inclusive responses from the departmental heads. This ensures that all the aspects of the various departments in the firm are integrated into the system. This document outlines some of the steps to be followed in the interview process. The first step in an interview is to select the interviewees. To ensure that helpful information is obtained, different stakeholders should be involved in the interview. Some of the stakeholders would include managers, company employees and the general end user of the system. By selecting interviewees from different departments/ niches, reduces chances of biases in the information obtained. Once the interviewees are selected, the next step would be the development of the interview questions (YouTube, 2015). The questions should be developed such that they are free from ambiguity, and they use a language that can easily be understood by the interviewees. The questions can be either structured or unstructured. The structured type of questions attracts specific and straight to the point answers, whereas the unstructured questions remain open to the respondent to give any answer/ or view. For the purpose of efficiency in data analysis, the bigger percentage of the questions should be structured. The structured questions are appropriate when the expected data from the interview requires analysis to identify some patterns. On the other hand, the unstructured questions are relevant to a scenario where the opinion of the respondent is required. This offers the interviewee a chance to use any words to respond to the question asked. This makes the analysis of the unstructured qu estions difficult as compared to their

Transcendentalism Through The Political Thought Of Emerson Thoreau And Fuller Essay Example for Free

Transcendentalism Through The Political Thought Of Emerson Thoreau And Fuller Essay During the early to middle years of the nineteenth century, American transcendentalism was born. The term transcendental came from German philosopher Immanuel Kant. He criticizes John Locke, who claimed that knowledge comes through our sensual impressions of the world. Kant feels as though the mind has intuitions of itself that he called transcendental forms. He said that all intuitive thought is transcendental. (The Transcendentalist, 1842) Transcendentalism has a lot of meanings but over time it has essentially remained the same. A 1913 Webster’s Dictionary described transcendentalism as claiming â€Å"to have a true knowledge of all things, material and immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capable of knowing them. It is also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in philosophy. † (Webster Dictionary, 1913) Today transcendentalism has furthered its meaning to â€Å"a philosophy which says that thought and spiritual things are more real than ordinary human experience and material things. † (Merriam-Webster, n. d. ) Cliffnotes describes it as: â€Å"A religious, literary, and philosophical movement in New England between 1836, when Emerson published Nature, and 1844, when The Dial — the publishing entity of the transcendental movement — ceased publication. Influenced by Unitarianism, transcendentalists denied the existence of miracles, preferring a Christianity that rested on the teachings of Christ and not on his deeds. They experimented with communal living and supported educational innovation, the abolitionist and feminist movements, and the reform of the church and society, generally. New England transcendentalists were committed to intuition as a way of knowing, to individualism, and to a belief in the divinity of humans and nature. † (Charles Mignon H. Rose, Glossary, n. d. ) Transcendentalism is so much more than these simple definitions. Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the leaders of the movement, developed a whole essay on explaining the movement and even further discussed it in many of his other writings. In The Transcendentalist, Emerson first describes transcendentalism as idealism, the idealism of 1842. He considers people as either materialists or idealists. â€Å"Materialism is the philosophical belief that all human events and conditions depend upon material objects and their interrelationships; sensory perception is the key to learning. † (Charles Mignon H. Rose, Glossary, n. d. ) Materialists see things as they are and except them for that. Materialist can become Idealists but Idealists can never become materialists. â€Å"Idealism is the philosophical assumption that material objects do not exist independently of human perception. † (Charles Mignon H. Rose, Glossary, n. d. ) Idealists are founded on consciousness. They believe that things go beyond the senses, the senses represent things but they can’t tell you what these things are. They insist on the power of thought, will, inspiration, miracles and individual culture. They believe their way of thinking is in higher nature. They see events as spirits. (The Transcendentalist, 1842) They can see a chair and look beyond it being just a chair. They see the spiritual aspect of it. Once they do recognize the many possibilities of a spiritual life, they continue to seek after this transcending state. â€Å"The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine. He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power; he believes in inspiration, and in ecstasy. He wishes that the spiritual principle should be suffered to demonstrate itself to the end, in all possible applications to the state of man, without the admission of anything unspiritual; that is, anything positive, dogmatic, personal. Thus, the spiritual measure of inspiration is the depth of the thought, and never, who said it? And so he resists all attempts to palm other rules and measures on the spirit than its own. † (The Transcendentalist, 1842) Idealists see the how the mind process our senses as more important than the senses themselves. They see our existence as subjective. They judge only according to their values and measure according to their values. Their main focus is the individual. They feel as though individuals should focus on fixing their moral character rather than focusing on the world as a whole. It makes more sense for everyone to fix themselves because if each individual changes him or herself then the world as a whole will eventually change. Transcendentalism proposes that human nature is good and the individual will seek good but society is to blame for corruption. Therefore the individual should focus on themselves. (Campbell, 1997) Emerson believes the idealists or transcendentalist should be self-dependent. He feels as though â€Å"it is simpler to be self-dependent. The height, the deity of man is, to be self-sustained, to need no gift, no foreign force. † (The Transcendentalist, 1842) The transcendentalists should be self-absorbed. Transcendentalists have an antisocial character. â€Å"They are lonely; the spirit of their writing and conversation is lonely; they repel influences; they shun general society; they incline to shut themselves in their chamber in the house, to live in the country rather than in the town, and to find their tasks and amusements in solitude. † (The Transcendentalist, 1842) They withdraw from society because they have difficulty relating to people who aren’t as spiritual, intelligent and idealistic as themselves. They are perfectionists who believe human life is flawed so they prefer to be in solitary with nature or a book rather than common people. Emerson criticizes this solitary nature. If they don’t use their gifts to benefit society then society won’t be able to reach the idealist mindset and way of life. They also waste their gift when they don’t allow society to learn from them. (The Transcendentalist, 1842) This paper will take into account each definition and characteristic of the Transcendentalist and Transcendentalism through the works of some of the major leaders during the movement. This paper will explore the religious aspect of the movement through the works of the former Unitarian minister, Ralph Waldo Emerson. The political aspect of the movement will be explored through the works of the naturalist, Henry David Thoreau. The paper will conclude with the feminist and social reform aspect of the movement through the works of Margaret Fuller. Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, poet and Unitarian minister who became one of the first American authors to influence European thought. He was born in Boston, MA on May 25, 1803. Seven of his ancestors were ministers and his father was also a minister. By the age of eighteen, Emerson was graduating from Harvard and taught school in Boston for three years. He then went on to Harvard Divinity School and a year later was approbated to preach by the Middlesex Association of Ministers. In a matter of four years he had become the minister of the Second Church of Boston and married Ellen Tucker, who unfortunately died seventeen months later. In 1832, Emerson resigned as a pastor because he felt as though the Lord’s Supper should not be a permanent sacrament. He then went on to England and stayed for some time. He returned to Massachusetts in 1833 and became an active lecturer. (Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 2014, 1p. ) By 1836, Emerson had published his most detailed statement of belief in his first published book, Nature. He starts the book discussing the currents of the Universal Being that circulate through him making him part God or a piece of God. This is what transcendentalism is mostly about, the belief in the divinity of the human and nature. Through the universal being everything in nature is linked, including humans. Nature’s spirit expresses itself through us and creates a unity between God, spirit and humanity. Nature rewards the noble and those who perform good deeds. Therefore a person would have to be righteous in order to enjoy the beauty nature beholds. In chapter four he discusses how nature and language relate. Words are signs of natural facts and history that helps us understand supernatural history. The language people use to communicate is supplied by nature. A river represents the passage of time. The change of seasons represents the stages of growth. He then goes on to discuss how nature and human law have merged together, yet we still try to distinguish them. You can even see this today with the separation of church and state. In chapter five he discusses reason. Nature is a moral teacher and reason helps to offer ethical and spiritual insights to nature. Reason is linked to intuition, which as previously stated is transcendental. Though according to idealism, nature is something experienced and distinct from us. (Nature, 124-157, 1836) A couple years later in 1838, Emerson further discusses his views on religion in his Divinity School Address. He first discusses the intimate relationship between God and man; the unity of God, humans, and nature. Religion can only truly be achieved when man recognizes their direct access with God and realize that religion and virtue can only be understood from within. There is no mediator between man and God. Man can go directly to God. Since God is perfect man can also become perfect because of that access they have to him. Many denominations of the Christian religion teach the human to aim to be like Jesus, in doing so the person is just like Jesus and develops that perfection identified with Jesus. The moment you stray from this virtue that God and nature gives you, you’re instantly aware of it. It’s like what modern Christianity would call conviction. You feel convicted and suffer the consequences but you strive to be so much like Jesus that you correct the wrong and get back on track. Jesus was the only example of someone who understood the divine nature of mankind because he was sent being used by God as an example for men. (The Divinity School Address, 230-245, 1836) Throughout the Divinity School Address, Emerson criticizes second hand religion. He believes it makes the church stationary. There’s no room for reform when you offer people a religion with a fixed body of beliefs, principles, scriptures and rites. As many of his writings tell you, he is a strong advocate for the individual. Personal religion, the understanding of religion through the individual and intuitive insight is what he calls for. The individual needs to understand the religion for himself and apply his own intuitive interpretation but be careful not to change the traditions of the old church. (The Divinity School Address, 230-245, 1836) â€Å"I confess, all attempts to project and establish a Cultus with new rites and forms, seem to me vain. Faith makes us, and not we it, and faith makes its own forms. All attempts to contrive a system are as cold as the new worship introduced by the French to the goddess of Reason, — to-day, pasteboard and fillagree, and ending to-morrow in madness and murder. Rather let the breath of new life be breathed by you through the forms already existing. For, if once you are alive, you shall find they shall become plastic and new. The remedy to their deformity is, first, soul, and second, soul, and evermore, soul. † (The Divinity School Address, 244, 1836) Rather use the Sabbath and preaching to keep the religion alive and fresh. The preacher has to have intuitive perception to teach and give life to religion. â€Å"The spirit only can teach†¦only he can give, who has; he only can create, who is. The man on whom the soul descends, through whom the soul speaks, alone can teach. Courage, piety, love, wisdom, can teach. † (The Divinity School Address, 238, 1836) It is the preacher’s job to restore the soul of his congregation by helping them realize that direct access they have to God. He must also be living proof of the word he proclaims. The people should know the life he lives so that they can know how individual spirituality can coexist with experience. â€Å"The true preacher can be known by this, that he deals out to the people his life, — life passed through the fire of thought. † (The Divinity School Address, 239, 1836) For Emerson and all transcendentalists, religion is vastly important. This movement is known for its religious aspects. Quite a few of the followers of this movement were ministers. For them religion should be sacred between the human, God and nature. They should take advantage of their direct relationship with God and use it to keep their Christianity fresh and alive. Through the righteousness one receives from this direct relationship, will come blessings from nature and they will be able to behold the beauty of nature. Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts to a socially conscious Scottish mother and a French pioneer manufacturer father. Thoreau eventually went to Harvard College and graduated in 1837. A year later he set up a school with his brother John where he taught Latin, Greek and science until 1841 when his brother got sick. A year after his brother’s death in 1842, Thoreau moved to Staten Island to be a tutor for Emerson’s brother, William. He would also do handy work around the house. Eventually he met Emerson and lived with him and his wife doing handy work. Emerson used that time to influence him to be a part of the transcendentalist movement. In 1849, Thoreau publishes Civil Disobedience. In this writing he criticizes American politics. He wrote this during the time of slavery and the Mexican-American war. Thoreau â€Å"heartily accepts the motto, ‘That government is best which governs least;’ and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe, ‘That government is best which governs not at all’. † (Civil Disobedience, 357, 1849) He feels as though an unjust government that allows for slavery and aggressive war is useless. He is also critical of democracy. Democracy puts forth a government that is given power from the majority to make laws beneficial to the majority. They don’t necessarily have the most legitimate viewpoint but they do have the most power. Therefore citizens are obligated to not follow the law because it is morally wrong. They must do what is right and distance themselves from government. Thoreau isn’t advocating for government to go away, he just wants a better government. Democracy was brought about to ensure individual freedom but yet it has intervened in the lives of many individuals and taken away the exact freedom it was meant to protect. â€Å"But a government in which the majority rule in all cases cannot be based on justice, even as far as men understand it. † (Civil Disobedience, 358, 1849) Majority rule isn’t based on justice. He proposes the ruling of individual conscience. Rulers should be moral. Since they are not, he advocates for rebellion. Thoreau in his own action refused to pay taxes and spent a night in jail. He refused to participate in government. He believed that the individual should not comply with unjust laws. They must break the law, if necessary. Expressing your opposition to slavery is not enough you must act on this objection. He calls for a peaceful revolution by nonpayment of taxes and not being afraid to take the prison time. â€Å"Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison. † (Civil Disobedience, 370, 1849) He feels as though prison is the only place a just man can â€Å"abide with honor. † (Civil Disobedience, 370, 1849) Throughout his essay, like many of Emerson’s works, he is an advocate for the individual. The individual has a responsibility to live his own life according to his morals and regard society as secondary. â€Å"There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly. † He feels as though the government should only touch or put a law on what the individual allows it to. He praises the progress of America from an absolute monarchy to a limited monarchy and now a democracy but feels as though it shouldn’t stop there. He feels as though there needs to be a government where the individual is valued more and have a say in what affects them personally. Not a government where the majority rules and the minority is left to fend for themselves. Over time Thoreau becomes fed up with the law. In 1854, he delivers a more radical and violent speech, Slavery in Massachusetts. He is calling for people to fight and murder the state. â€Å"Who can be serene in a country where both the rulers and the ruled are without principle? The remembrance of my country spoils my walk. My thoughts are murder to the State, and involuntarily go plotting against her. † (Slavery in Massachusetts, Line 49, 1854) In a Plea for Captain Brown he speaks on revenge of him and the slave. He is now calling for the individual to not only resist but have its revenge on the state. Thoreau is not a big fan of government. He is appreciative of the government for changing from an absolute monarchy to a limited government and then a democracy but he is waiting for the day where the government that governs least or not at all, unless the individual requests it, will come. A government in which the majority rules is unjust because it only benefits the majority and enslaves the minority. Therefore the individual must resist no fight, no take revenge. As matters got worse, Thoreau became more violent and radical. Emerson was also an abolitionist who criticized the government for not recognizing the divine nature of the individual. He argued for lesser government and a minimization of the power they have. He didn’t approve of the government not allowing equal rights for all individuals, including women. (Politics, 1849) Sarah Margaret Fuller Sarah Margaret Fuller was born on May 23, 1810 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She was educated by her American lawyer father. At an early age she displayed noticeably intellectual powers and became a member of the group of distinguished writers and philosophers who believed in transcendentalism. From 1835 to 1837 she taught languages in Boston and later became principal of a school in Rhode Island. In 1840 she founded The Dial, a periodical on transcendentalism, with Emerson and later met Thoreau who became an editor. In 1839, she washeavily involved in a women’s movement for intellectual and s ocial development, where she received her material for Women in the Nineteenth Century/ The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women. (Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 2014, 1p) In this work Fuller is advocating for the equal rights of women and abolition of slavery. Both movements were essentially the same they were both looking to have the same rights as the majority. Though Fuller went about it a different way. She didn’t just want the right to vote, equal pay and etc. She wanted the same self-reliance that a man was able to have. For she felt as though her soul was no different from a man’s soul. Everyone has a soul. If men gave women more intellectual and spiritual freedom, both genders could benefit as a whole. She is bringing forth a lawsuit on the behalf of women. Essentially suing the government for not allowing women to have the rights they are due. This piece allowed her room to bring forth a case to prove transcendentalism as an indeterminate sex and spiritually aware democracy. She also wanted to show them that they wrong in not offering women education. A woman can write a lawsuit. She was asserting Emerson’s self-reliance spiritual regeneration, the soul being genderless and a different conception of women. She did this in the form of a lawsuit to prove that she could do anything society deemed as only for men. She didn’t see either sex as greater than the other. She felt that one could not develop without the help of the other. (The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women. , 384-423, 1843) Fuller argued that for a Woman to correct natural law she needs to be educated and have access to employment and politics. Women’s rights were vital to America. She argued that â€Å"all men are created equal. † (Declaration of Independence, 1776) The problem with this argument is that when the founders created the Declaration of Independence it was evident that they didn’t consider all men, women, or minorities as considered equal. They were advocating for the minority. Thus she does say that if it’s a law for the nation then it should be a law for all that inhabits the nation. â€Å"Though the national independence be blurred by the servility of individuals; though freedom and equality have been proclaimed only to leave room for a monstrous display of slave dealing and slave keeping; though the free American so often feels himself free†¦still it is not in vain, that the verbal statement has been made, All men are born free and equal. There it stands, a golden certainty, wherewith to encourage the good, to shame the bad. The new world may be called clearly to perceive that it incurs the utmost penalty, if it rejects the sorrowful brother†¦It is inevitable that an external freedom, such as has been achieved for the nation, should be so also for every member of it It has become a law, irrevocable†¦ Men will privately sin against it, but the law so clearly expressed by a leading mind of the age, All made in the likeness of the One, All children of one ransom, In whatever hour, in whatever part of the soil We draw this vital air, We are brothers, we must be bound by one compact, Accursed he who infringes it, Who raises himself upon the weak who weep, Who saddens an immortal spirit cannot fail of universal recognition. † (The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women. ,389-390, 1843) Fuller calls for a refreshing of the American political culture through the transcendentalists concept of self-reliance. Emerson’s transcendentalist view on self- reliance calls for the individual to apply their own conscience view on everything they see. She also calls the government out for violating natural law by hindering Americans from the liberty and equality they were promised. She says they need a moral law instead. Through transcendentalism they get this moral law when the individual is worried about the individual and does what is best for himself according to his values. (Self-Reliance, 318-339, 1841) Her way of going about getting the revolution that she wanted, was through a peaceful revolution advocating for equality through a spiritually aware, sexless democracy. She hoped it would lead to equality among genders and change the status quo of American Politics. If she could make the government see the wrong in gender discrimination then she could open their eyes to the evil of slavery. This could only be accomplished through divine law. Sarah Margaret Fuller was a woman denied the right of education yet she was surrounded by men that she was able to learn from. Her male counterparts not only taught her but learned from her. She used the ideas of both Emerson and Thoreau to fight against both feminism and slavery. The movements were very much so alike and many of the arguments she made applied to both. The one thing about her is that she not only was an advocate for transcendentalism but also a sexless society. She felt as though no gender, race or being was better than the other. Conclusion Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Sarah Margaret Fuller were the main leaders of the transcendentalist movement. Together and apart they raised issues and were a voice for the unheard. They all advocated for the individual to change themselves and worry about society second. If every individual changed himself then they wouldn’t have to worry about society because eventually society would change as a result of everyone becoming idealists. Ralph Waldo Emerson took a European movement and made it American. Transcendentalism started in Europe but Emerson made it an American response to romanticism. (The Role of Transcendentalism in Shaping American Cultural Ideology, 248, 2013) Emerson is a strong believer in the divinity of human, nature and God. Through God everything is linked. Nature supplies language and reason gives us the knowledge to understand the spirituality and beauty of nature. Humans also have direct access to God and should use it. Even when they stray from the virtue that they are given by God and nature they can come back because they are directly connected to God. Even the modern Bible says, â€Å"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and all are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus. † (Holy Bible, Romans 3:23) Emerson is also a former minister of the Unitarian church. Unitarians believe in seven basic principles: (1) The inherent worth and dignity of every person; (2) Justice, equity and compassion in human relations; (3)Acceptance of one another and encouragement to spiritual growth in our congregations; (4) A free and responsible search for truth and meaning; (5) The right of conscience and the use of the democratic process within our congregations and in society at large; (6) The goal of world community with peace, liberty, and justice for all; (7) Respect for the interdependent web of all existence of which we are a part. (http://www. uua. org/beliefs/what- we-believe/principles) While you can see this evident in many of Emerson’s works, he is a critic of second hand religion that passes down a fixed body of beliefs, principles, scriptures and rites. This makes religion stationary to him. He feels as though the individual should interpret the religion in a righteous way without rewriting the religion. He also advocates for the Sabbath and preaching to remain fresh so the religion does as well. Henry David Thoreau seems to be the most radical of the three. His earlier works suggest a nonviolent man being imprisoned for standing up to what he believes his wrong. Overtime he becomes an advocate for a slave rebellion. Thoreau feels as though as the times change and are getting worse, the slave should strike back. His works have inspired people like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Just like Thoreau, MLK Jr went from nonviolent protests to making claims such as: â€Å"I will continue to condemn riots, and continue to say to my brothers and sisters that this is not the way. And continue to affirm that there is another way. But at the same time, it is as necessary for me to be as vigorous in condemning the conditions which cause persons to feel that they must engage in riotous activities as it is for me to condemn riots. I think America must see that riots do not develop out of thin air. Certain conditions continue to exist in our society which must be condemned as vigorously as we condemn riots. But in the final analysis, a riot is the language of the unheard. † (The Other America, 1968) A nonviolent person tends to get more radical when they see that matters are getting worse instead of better. Over time they get fed up and grow weary. It’s hard to accept all that violent people are throwing at you and still remain nonviolent. It’s hard to watch people be treated less than what the law allows because they’re not the skin color of the majority that is making the rules. Thoreau is a harsh critic of the American government. Sarah Margaret Fuller takes on this criticism as well when she criticizes government for oppressing the people who are beneficial to the future of America. One of these transcendentalists even go as far as saying that America will become the laughing stock of nations across the world because it supposedly has a government run by the people yet enslaves its people. If you look at the contributions women and minorities have made to the American society, you can see just how crucial we all are to the American Dream. Fuller is saying that all men can’t be created equal and yet be treated less than the white man. We are all equal. There is no such thing as men being superior to men or white men being superior to all. Women can do just as much as men can do. If the government were to create its laws based on morals then we can have a just society. If they also allow for women to be educated and involved in the political realm they would see just how important women are. Through this research transcendentalism has proved itself to be a religious, literary, philosophical movement advocating for the individual. The individual has all the power it needs through the divine relationship it has with its God. The individual has to change themselves before they can even worry about society. The individual has the intellect and moral obligation to go against the evils of society, not to conform and be self-sufficient. Through transcendentalism Emerson, Thoreau, and Fuller inspired people around the world in the abolition movement, politics, religions, feminist movement and even many of their counterparts in the transcendentalist movement. It also helped to open the eyes of many during the nineteenth century and pave the way for the coming generation. Bibliography Charles Mignon H. Rose. N. d. Summary and Analysis of The Transcendentalist Glossary. (Cliffnotes) http://www. cliffsnotes. com/literature/e/emersons-essays/summary-and-analysis-of- the-transcendentalist/glossary. (Accessed May 4, 2015) Terminology N. d. Defining Transcendentalism. http://www. transcendentalists. com/terminology. html. (Accessed May 4, 2015) Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1838. â€Å"The Divinity School Address† Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 230-245. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1836. â€Å"Nature. † Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 124-157. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 18. â€Å"Politics. † Ralph Waldo Emerson Texts. http://www. emersoncentral. com/politics. htm. (Accessed May 4, 2015) Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1841. â€Å"Self-Reliance† Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 318-339. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1841. â€Å"The Transcendentalist† Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 366-380. Fuller, Sarah Margaret. 1843. â€Å"The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus women. † Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 383-422. Fuller, Sarah Margaret. 1845. â€Å"Woman in the Nineteenth Century. † American Transcendentalism Web. http://transcendentalism-legacy. tamu. edu/authors/fuller/woman1. html (Accessed May 4, 2015) Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. 2014. â€Å"Emerson, Ralph Waldo† Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia (World Book, Inc. , Chicago): 1. Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. 2014. â€Å"Fuller, (Sarah) Margaret† Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia (World Book, Inc., Chicago): 1. Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. 2014. â€Å"Transcendentalism† Funk Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia (World Book, Inc. , Chicago): 1. Henry David Thoreau. (2015). The Biography. com website. http://www. biography. com/people/henry-david-thoreau-9506784. (Accessed May 05, 2015) Kellman, Steven G. 2014. â€Å"Henry David Thoreau† Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia. King Jr. , Martin Luther. 1968. â€Å"The Other America. † http://www. crmvet. org/docs/otheram. htm. (Accessed May 6, 2015). Paul. N. d. â€Å"Romans 3:23† The Holy Bible (NIV) Rus, Dana. 2013. The Role of Transcendentalism in Shaping American Cultural Ideology. (Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost) Thoreau, Henry David. 1849. â€Å"Civil Disobedience. † Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 546-564. Thoreau, Henry David. 1859. â€Å"A Plea for Captain Brown. † Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 628-646. Thoreau, Henry David. 1854. â€Å"Slavery in Massachusetts. † Transcendentalism: A Reader (Oxford University Press, December 2000): 602-614. Unitarian Universalist Association. N. d. â€Å"Our Unitarian Universalist Principles† http://www. uua. org/beliefs/what-we-believe/principles. (Accessed May 6, 2015).

Jane Eyre :: Literature Books Papers

Jane Eyre Social class distinction is very evident in Victorian England. This distinction is found not only in society, but also within the Anglican Church and its clergy. In Jane Eyre we are introduced to three Anglican ministers who represent different social classes. They are Jane Eyre’s father; the Reverend Brocklehurst, the administrator of Lowood Institution; and Reverend St. John Rivers, the curate of a small country parish at Morton and owner of Moor House. Comparing the way these clergyman are viewed by society establishes the adherence to the same social class structure within the church as is evident outside the church. Contrasting clergy from the same religious sect shows that class status was also reflected in some methods of practicing the Anglican faith. The first clergyman introduced in the novel is Jane’s father. We learn of him as Jane does, through a third person. Jane hears a servant, Miss Abbott, discussing Jane’s lineage with another servant, Bessie. Jane hears Miss Abbott say about her father: " My father had been a poor clergyman, my mother had married him against the wishes of her friends, who considered the match beneath her; my grandfather Reed was so irritated at her disobedience he cut her off without a shilling" (37; ch. 3). Young girls, especially of the upper class, were supposed to follow their parent’s wishes in regards to whom they should marry. In choosing a clergyman from a lower social class, Mrs. Eyre sacrifices her social standing as well as her family’s care and support. The fact that Jane’s mother was banished for her marriage reflects the disdain felt by the upper class for marrying beneath their class. Jane knows from her treatment by the Reeds that she is a poor relation. John Reed emphasizes this when he tells Jane "You have no business to take our books; you are a dependent, mama says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not live hear with gentleman’s children like us" (23; ch. 1). The fact that Jane’s father left her no inheritance was a reflection of his position as a clergyman. Indeed if her parents had lived she still would have been poor. In Alan Haig's The Victorian Church, we learn of the wages paid to the clergy. The text states that "The income earned by the clergy are so scanty as to likely to straiten a married man " (qtd. Jane Eyre :: Literature Books Papers Jane Eyre Social class distinction is very evident in Victorian England. This distinction is found not only in society, but also within the Anglican Church and its clergy. In Jane Eyre we are introduced to three Anglican ministers who represent different social classes. They are Jane Eyre’s father; the Reverend Brocklehurst, the administrator of Lowood Institution; and Reverend St. John Rivers, the curate of a small country parish at Morton and owner of Moor House. Comparing the way these clergyman are viewed by society establishes the adherence to the same social class structure within the church as is evident outside the church. Contrasting clergy from the same religious sect shows that class status was also reflected in some methods of practicing the Anglican faith. The first clergyman introduced in the novel is Jane’s father. We learn of him as Jane does, through a third person. Jane hears a servant, Miss Abbott, discussing Jane’s lineage with another servant, Bessie. Jane hears Miss Abbott say about her father: " My father had been a poor clergyman, my mother had married him against the wishes of her friends, who considered the match beneath her; my grandfather Reed was so irritated at her disobedience he cut her off without a shilling" (37; ch. 3). Young girls, especially of the upper class, were supposed to follow their parent’s wishes in regards to whom they should marry. In choosing a clergyman from a lower social class, Mrs. Eyre sacrifices her social standing as well as her family’s care and support. The fact that Jane’s mother was banished for her marriage reflects the disdain felt by the upper class for marrying beneath their class. Jane knows from her treatment by the Reeds that she is a poor relation. John Reed emphasizes this when he tells Jane "You have no business to take our books; you are a dependent, mama says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not live hear with gentleman’s children like us" (23; ch. 1). The fact that Jane’s father left her no inheritance was a reflection of his position as a clergyman. Indeed if her parents had lived she still would have been poor. In Alan Haig's The Victorian Church, we learn of the wages paid to the clergy. The text states that "The income earned by the clergy are so scanty as to likely to straiten a married man " (qtd.

Pdf Silence! the Court Is in Session †Vijay Tendulkar Essay

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, JNTUACEP,YSR Kadapa (Dist),Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT A criticism against Indian Judicial system that ‘the failure of modern legal theory and practice lies in its understanding of what it is to be a human being’ can be undoubtedly attributed to the themes of Vijay Tendulkar’s play Silence! The Court Is In Session. The play barbs against existing judicial system at two levels. Firstly, it can be studied as a ‘legal plea’ which demands for emancipation, equality and liberation of women and stresses the need for a social transformation of law, culture, and social patterns which release women’s potential, where the legal curriculum has neglected issues of central concern of women like: rape, domestic violence, reproduction, unequal pay, sex determination and sexual harassment, from Benare’s ‘case study’: Secondly, the play can be a thesis on elite-court relations in India as an unsatisfactory arrangement, where being structurally part of the state, the courts are expected to maintain a high degree of independence and to be ensured of a democratic policy. The play is highly relevant as it discusses the present atrocities occurring on women throughout India including Delhi ‘Nirbhaya’ gang rape case and demands for verdict and bits the elite society to ponder on the issue seriously. Key words: Judicial system, Unequal treatment, Legal plea, elite-court relations, Play within the play Dr. MEDIKONDA SAMBAIAH Mrs. KATUMALA SANDHYA Article Received on : 26/03/2013 Article revised from: 28/03/2013 Article accepted on: 28/05/2013 The stimulus for Silence! The Court is in Session came from a real incident for the writer. Tendulkar met an amateur group which was on its way to stage a mock-trial in Vile Parle, a suburb of Bombay. While overhearing their conversation, the outline of a play began taking shape in the writer’s mind and resulted in the creation of Silence! The Court is in Session. The play was written for Rangayana at the instance of Arvind and Sulabh Deshpande and was first performed in March 1971 in Madras. When the play was first performed in 1967 for a drama competition by the small group, it was rejected by the judges who said it was not play. But later it received The Kamaladevi Chatterpadhyaya award and was translated in fourteen Indian languages. The play was staged all over India in different versions. In a sense Marathi drama found a place on the national map and Tendulkar was recognized at the national level. When asked in an interview: â€Å"This play is a caustic satire on the social as well as justice†¦.The mental agony suffered by the girl throughout the play is in no way less than the legal punishment. Is that all you 102 VIJAY TENDULKAR’S ‘SILENCE! THE COURT IS IN SESSION’†¦| Medikonda Sambaiah et al Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL) A Peer Reviewed International Journal – http://www.rjelal.com wished to convey or something more?† Tendulkar said: â€Å"This is exactly what I had in mind. If I say anything else now, that will be an after-thought. An undaunted girl of Benare’s make-up could have, besides defending herself, made a  counter-attack , tearing to pieces the dos and don’ts of the selfish society. Had I shown her aggressive that would have been attitude, not hers? Otherwise also the playwright should only suggest leaving the rest 1 to the viewers.† The opening scene of the play turns into a marvellous piece of satire by pitting the self-consciously independent, vehemently assertive, and immensely cheerful Benare against the utterly selfish, hypocritical and malicious amateur artists and paves the way as to how they are going to judge and reverse the natural justice. The scene depicts how an average middle class woman strives and struggles for preserving her womanhood and motherhood and her thirst to be accepted by the society. As the curtain rises, Samant, a local chap and Leela Benare, the heroine are found conversing. She springs a surprise on the rustic Samant with a sudden confidential proposal: â€Å"Let’s leave everyone behind, I thought, and go somewhere far, far, away – with you†! [Silence! The Court is in 2 Session]. When she makes this observation, she has Professor Damle in her mind. Benare, after telling Samant that the school management is holding an enquiry against her â€Å"just because of o ne bit of slander†. [58] The depiction of unsecured condition of Benare explores the problems that exist among Indian women towards legal rights and her absence of awareness about legislations and their enforcement and inadequacies of legal provisions. The tragic and bottle neck like situation reminds the audience of Banavari Devi, Nina Sahni, Tasneem Sheikh Suhail, Delhi model Jessica Lal and Nirbhaya claims Vijay Tendulkar as a man of relevance to the contemporary society, where the practices like – eve teasing, whistling at girls, bottom pinching and are common phenomenon among Indian youngsters, apart from big incidents like gang rapes and murders. The purpose why the dramatist has selected different persons from different backgrounds can give some clues about the judicial circle and their Vol.1.Issue.1.;2013 judicial culture. In fact, all these characters are the representatives of the existing personalities in judicial circle with their personal, familial, educational, ethical and professional defects. Mrs. Kashikars, Sukhatme, Balu Rokde, Gopal Ponkshe and Karnik are the various typical personalities  in judicial circle. The very fact of Mrs. Kashikar’s collusion in the attack on Benare demonstrates how women internalize the dominance of men over themselves as a natural phenomenon and turn against other transgressing women as the ‘other’. Had Benare been the economically power, she might have protested more actively. Her present position is evidence that among educated women, concern for status has a positive relationship with age and employment. It has been found that the working educated women have higher concern for status than the non-working women or house wives. The commencement of the ‘Mock-trial’, which constitutes a ‘play-within-the-play’, offers Tendulkar ample scope to dissect and lay bare the dormant ills of discontent in the psyche of these urban hypocrites. Though, they gang themselves up against a hapless Benare for the time being, they have nothing but spite for one another. Rokde symbolizes lumped public which is enveloped in the culture of dependency and carried away by the lures of money, power and threat. Throughout the play, he is not allowed enough time to exercise his intelligent challenges to prospective jurors. Ponkshe and Karnik are the other two catalysts who have their active role in the plot against Benare. When Benare goes into the inner room to wash her face, Karnik takes Ponkshe aside and indicating the inner room into which Benare has just gone, tells him if he knows anything about her: â€Å"About her, About Miss. Benare. Rokde told me†. The stylistic gimmicks used by Ponkshe and Karnik sometimes speak a lot louder than the words they actually speak. As witness their technique is not to argue the case but to present the issues. These two people represent the educated elite in the society, who have to demand for ‘order of proof’ as yardstick before asking the jury to measure the complaint. But these people lack the logical order of proof for their expert testimony. The interrogatory procedure is so convincing that the legal professionals have been encouraging litigation more and more by giving impetus to disputes. There is a widespread belief both among litigating public and legislators, the intervention of lawyers in court 103 VIJAY TENDULKAR’S ‘SILENCE! THE COURT IS IN SESSION’†¦| Medikonda Sambaiah et al Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL) A Peer Reviewed International Journal – http://www.rjelal.com proceedings have the built-in tendency to delay the disposal of cases. The legal profession is no longer service-oriented but profit-oriented. Sometimes lawyers on both sides join hands to make both the parties compromise even if the clients have to suffer the loss. Majority of the lawyers harass their clients for more and more fee, false bills, while not taking the required interest in the case. In all his arguments there is no ethical creation of evidence. He indulges simply in word games and forgets the joint liability of Damle. All these things show that Mr. Sukhatme’s role in the play is a replica of the legal professionalism and an evidence of how â€Å"there is a fall in efficiency and standard at the Bar and which is on the verge of collapse.† In a perceptive analysis of justice, gender and the justice in American society, Deborah Rhode observed: â€Å"Without a fundamental reordering of cultural values, women cannot hope to secure true equality, and social status. In that constructive enterprise, law can play a modest but more effective 4 role.† This is more so in Indian society with a high level of illiteracy and strong traditions of gender inequalities. That is what happens in Benare’s case. Certainly, the play Silence! The Court is in Session is a question against existing legal curriculum. There is no roadmap for the image of reality in the procedure of the prosecution. There is an absence of trial dynamism in the play. The entire trial rotates around gimmick but is not based on evidence. There is no opening statement which tells to the jury the plaintiff claims in a direct and reasonable way. It must give the jury an overview of what the evidence will show and what the evidence will be without argumentative hype and individualistic exhibitionism. Missing direct or cross examination ruthlessly rules out the fundamental rules of natural justice i.e. ‘no body can be a judge in his own cause’ and ‘no body should be condemned unheard’. The foundations for the verdict ‘let the witness be himself’ is not at all observed. There is no review of the evidence offered by both sides. The judge rules based on what the lawyer presents. It seems that instructions to jurors will directly affect their judgment. The doctrine of 5 locus standi, a principle that the judicial time as well as energy ought not be wasted  over hypothetical or abstract questions, has been neglected and the truth that the trial is the ‘time of decision’ and the ‘moment of truth’ has been gained and gathered, assessed, weighed and measured for hours together in the dock room. Vol.1.Issue.1.;2013 Vijay Tendulkar who is acclaimed as ‘articulatory of violence’ in the modern Marathi theatre brings another dimension of the ‘cruelty’ in the play. He demands that the concept of cruelty is to be redefined along with the socio-economic changes in the society. The playwright proves how it could be possible that cruelty was ‘intentionally aimed at’ by the provisions of the law itself. It seems that he joins with radical criminologists in seeking to redefine ‘harm’ in the criminological arena of victimology. Similarly, the playwright focuses on the maleness of legal proceedings, specifically the trial of sexual crimes like abortion and pre and extra marital relationships. Simply, in trials the procedure is designed to break down the story of the woman complainant both by subjecting it to vigorous doubt and by implicitly serializing it. The victim becomes an object of the male gaze and forced to relieve her ordeal, which itself becomes another assault. In the play, it is very clear that the exploration of body and sexuality is done through fierce and bold debate by the testimonies of Balu Rokde and Karnik. Tendulkar poses another important question to the legal provisions of women in India. If the child is a legitimate one, the father is honoured with the guardianship of the child. But if the child is illegitimate the mother is the guardian, and she alone has to bear the stigma and humiliation of every day social pin-pointing as well as the responsibility of bringing up the child. The law makes no distinction between legitimate and illegitimate child when it imposes on the father an obligation to maintain 6 children. But if it is under the guardianship of the mother, the man escapes everyday disgrace by merely paying the maintenance amount, at the most! To put it briefly, ‘the law recognizes the patriarchal system of family in which father 7 supreme.† Doubtlessly, it is the supreme talent of the dramatist that the violence of the play is superbly sugar-coated with the technique of play within the play. Without this technique Tendulkar  could not have made his characters directly attack Benare on the charge of infanticide. The play is widely acclaimed for this technique. Dnyaneshwar Nadkarni pays a tribute to the play: â€Å"Silence! The Court is in Session comes as a turning point in Tendulkar’s career. It has a play in rehearsal and a real-life story, and the two intertwine to produce some unusual 8 confrontations.† 104 VIJAY TENDULKAR’S ‘SILENCE! THE COURT IS IN SESSION’†¦| Medikonda Sambaiah et al Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL) A Peer Reviewed International Journal – http://www.rjelal.com However, Tendulkar depicts Benare as â€Å"a modern 9 woman† who is capable of protecting herself and 9 her body in a male dominated society . He does not let Benare kill herself or feel shy about the whole episode, but makes her fight till the end. Apart from all the criticism as she faced in the play, the character of Benare remains as a lovely spark from the thunderbolt of Tendulkar, in the Modern Marathi theatre. She is a new woman pleading for freedom from social and legal norms. Even though Tendulkar 10 said that writing this play was ‘drudgery’ to him, the credit of raising him to the top of the Indian theatre goes to this play Silence! The Court is in Session. Vol.1.Issue.1.;2013 REFERENCES 1. Vijay Tendulkar. â€Å"Drama: The Most Difficult, But the Most Powerful Medium.† Interviews with Indian Writers, New World Literature Series, B-18, p.280 2. Vijay Tendulkar. Collected Plays in Translation: Silence! The Court is in Session, translated by Priya Adarkar, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2003, p.55. 3. Quoted in â€Å"System on the Verge of Collapse†, India Abroad , New York, February 4, 1994. 4. Deborah Rhode. â€Å"Justice, Gender and the Justice† in Crites Lawra L, and Hepperle Winifred L (eds), ‘Women, The Courts and Equality’. 1978, p.10. 5. Roma Mukherjee. Women, Law and Free Legal Aid in India, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1998, p.64. 6. Sect. (2), Adoptions and The Hindu Maintenance Act, 1956. 7. Ved Kumari. â€Å"Place of Women and Child in Guardianship† in Lotika Sarkar and B. Sivaramayya (eds), ‘Women and Law: Contemporary Problems’ Vikas PublishingHouse Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 1994, p.242. 8. Sudhir Sonalkar. â€Å"Vijay Tendulkar and the Metaphor of Violence†, The Illustrated Weekly of India, November 18-24, 1993, p.20. 9. Veena Noble Dass. â€Å"Women Characters in the Plays of Tendulkar†, New Directions in Indian Drama (ed) Sudhakar Pandey and Freya Barva, Prestige publications, New Delhi, 1994, p.11. 10. Vijay Tendulkar. â€Å"Interview†, The Indian Literary Review, Vol.I, p.12. 105 VIJAY TENDULKAR’S ‘SILENCE! THE COURT IS IN SESSION’†¦| Medikonda Sambaiah et al